The essential infrastructure: How Australian banks power the economy

This report sets out how the infrastructure of banking delivers for the economy and for Australian households.

Every dollar of profit that banks hold in regulatory capital directly expands their capacity to lend. In total, every $1.00 of profit held by Australian banks as capital supports $4.70 in economic activity, generating $110 billion in output and supporting 580,000 jobs across the economy over 2025.

Together, Australian households own 65 per cent of banks. This is equivalent to $470 billion in value, either directly through shares, or indirectly through their superannuation. In 2025, $17.3 billion in bank dividends accrued directly to Australian households. 

SMBs generate 55 per cent of national output, and banks are their primary source of external finance: over $180 billion in new loans in 2025, with the value of SMB loans up 82% since 2020. Over the same period, SMB loan margins fell nearly 39 basis points – so SMBs are borrowing more, and on better terms. Banks are providing the finance, payment infrastructure and support that keep them running.

Banks work with local communities to provide support to recover from natural disasters and build resilience. In 2025 alone, banks provided over $720 million in community support, hardship and disaster relief – equivalent to around 15 per cent of the total insurance payouts due to extreme weather events in the same year.

Perhaps most visibly, banks are the machinery behind home ownership. In FY25, 65 per cent of all property settlements, equivalent to 445,000 transactions, were completed with a bank loan. However, less visibly, banks are also a key source of new construction funding, providing $49 billion in loans in FY25 to increase the supply of new homes, as well as helping Australians get a better rate through re-financing, and supporting over 280,000 Australians experiencing hardship to stay on top of their home loans.

The scale of Australia’s banking sector, its stability, its reach into every corner of the economy, and its role in the financial lives of Australians are not incidental features. They have arisen from sustained investment and a regulatory framework that has served Australia well.

Read the full report here.